Whether you’re a seasoned racer or a weekend track enthusiast, precise and responsive steering is paramount for optimal performance. This guide delves into the world of performance steering, exploring various systems, components, and upgrade options. From hydraulic and electric power steering to manual systems, we'll uncover the intricacies that contribute to exceptional handling and control. Discover the parts that optimize your race car’s steering system for maximum control on the track and beyond.

Types of Steering Systems

Steering systems have evolved significantly over the years, with advancements in technology leading to various methods for controlling a vehicle's direction. This section will explore the three primary types of steering systems: hydraulic, electric, and manual. Each system has its own unique characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages.

Hydraulic Power Steering Systems

Hydraulic power steering systems use the power of pressurized fluid to assist in steering a vehicle. This system involves a pump that circulates hydraulic fluid through a series of lines, valves, and cylinders. When the steering wheel is turned, the pump delivers pressurized fluid to the steering gear, which in turn assists in turning the wheels. Hydraulic racing steering systems are known for their reliability and effectiveness, but they also require regular maintenance, including fluid checks and replacements, as well as inspections for leaks and wear.

Electric Power Steering Systems (EPS)

Electric power steering (EPS) is a modern alternative to hydraulic systems. Unlike hydraulic systems that rely on fluid and pumps, EPS utilizes an electric motor to assist the driver in steering. This system is generally efficient, responsive, and environmentally friendly. EPS systems offer several advantages over hydraulic systems, including improved fuel economy, quicker response times, and the ability to integrate with advanced driver assistance systems. But they can be more complex to diagnose and repair due to their electronic parts.

While EPS systems offer many benefits, race car drivers transitioning from hydraulic or manual steering systems may experience a different feel or feedback. The reduced physical effort required to turn the wheel can sometimes lead to a less connected sensation. Additionally, EPS systems may introduce a slight delay or artificial feel, which can affect a driver's perception of the vehicle's handling characteristics, particularly in high-performance driving applications.

Manual Steering Systems

Manual steering systems rely solely on the driver's physical input to turn the wheels. While less common in modern vehicles, they were once standard and are still found in some performance and off-road steering applications. A typical manual steering system consists of a steering wheel, steering column, steering gear, tie rods, and drag link. Turning the steering wheel physically moves the steering gear, which in turn operates the tie rods, causing the wheels to turn.

Manual steering requires significantly more effort from the driver compared to power-assisted systems, especially at low speeds. However, it can offer a more direct and engaging driving experience for some enthusiasts. Additionally, manual steering is typically simpler and more reliable, as there are fewer components to fail.

8 Essential Parts of a Performance Steering System

This section will delve into the eight essential components that make up a typical performance steering system. Understanding the role and importance of each part will help you maintain your vehicle's steering and identify potential issues. Let's explore the parts that work together to keep your vehicle steering smoothly.

1 | Steering Pump

The steering pump is a component in both hydraulic and electric power steering systems. In hydraulic systems, it draws fluid from the reservoir and generates the pressure required to operate the steering cylinders. Common pump types include gear, vane, and piston pumps. In electric systems, the pump may act as a power source for the electric motor or be used for fluid circulation. Regardless of the system, the pump's primary function is to provide the necessary force to assist the driver in steering.

2 | Steering Coupler

The steering coupler acts as a flexible joint, connecting the steering wheel to the steering gear. This connection allows for slight misalignment between the two components, ensuring smooth steering operation. Couplers are typically made of rubber or polyurethane, providing a cushioning effect and reducing vibrations transmitted to the driver.

3 | Power Steering Tanks and Reservoirs

Power steering tanks and reservoirs serve as storage containers for hydraulic fluid, ensuring a consistent supply to the power steering system. These tanks are typically made of plastic or metal and are designed to hold a specific amount of fluid. In race cars, power steering tanks are often constructed from lightweight materials to reduce weight and improve vehicle performance. Additionally, race car tanks may have features such as overflow vents to prevent fluid from spilling and clear sight glasses to allow for easy fluid level monitoring.

4 | Tie Rods

Tie rods assist in alignment, connecting the steering gear to the steering knuckles. They play a pivotal role in determining the angle at which the wheels turn, ensuring proper vehicle handling and preventing excessive tire wear. Worn or damaged tie rods can compromise steering and safety, making timely replacement essential for maintaining optimal control of your race car.

5 | Power Steering Hoses and Lines

Power steering hoses and lines are essential components that transport hydraulic fluid throughout the system. These conduits connect the steering pump, reservoir, and gear, ensuring a continuous supply of fluid for optimal steering capability. Made from durable materials like high-pressure rubber or metal, these lines are critical for preventing leaks and maintaining system integrity in demanding racing environments. Proper maintenance is essential to ensure the longevity and reliability of power steering hoses and lines.

6 | Rack and Pinion

The rack and pinion converts rotational steering wheel input into linear motion for precise wheel control. This efficient mechanism is essential for performance driving and offers numerous customization options, such as quick-ratio steering racks. Known for their reliability and low maintenance requirements, rack and pinion systems are compatible with both manual and power-assisted steering setups, making them a versatile choice for various racing applications.

7 | Steering Wheel

Steering wheels are the primary interface between the driver and the vehicle's steering system. They provide a comfortable and ergonomic way for drivers to input commands and control the direction of the car. In race cars, steering wheels are specifically designed to enhance control and driver comfort. They often come with features such as quick-release mechanisms, adjustable tilt, and ergonomic grips to optimize driver control and reduce fatigue. Additionally, race car steering wheels may incorporate buttons or switches for various functions, such as radio control, pit lane speed limiter, or traction control.

8 | Steering Column

Steering columns serve as the link between the steering wheel and the steering gear. They provide a rigid structure for transmitting the driver's input to the steering system, ensuring precise control and responsiveness. In race cars, where precise handling and quick steering inputs are paramount, a high-quality steering column is essential. They must be durable, lightweight, and able to withstand the rigors of competitive driving, providing drivers with the confidence and control needed to excel on the track.

Mastering your vehicle's steering system is essential for achieving optimal control and results on the track. From understanding the intricacies of hydraulic and electric power steering to selecting the right components for your specific needs, we hope this guide has provided valuable insights.

Behrent's is your one-stop shop for a wide range of performance steering system parts. We offer steering system parts from top racing brands, including Bicknell Racing Products, Jones Racing Products, and Max Papis Innovations. Whether you're looking to upgrade your existing system, replace worn components, or simply enhance your vehicle's handling, we have the expertise and products to meet your needs.